In my science fiction universe I think I've already mentioned one of the species that occupies the outer rim planets: Arachnids. Rather than one species of spider Arachnids are a group of multiple species but all of which are giant spiders (the smallest of which being the size of a common housecat, the largest discovered being the size of a double decker bus). While not serving as main antagonists, but still serving as enemies with impact on the story is a cult who worship the giant spiders as gods. The cult is a mixture of different species including humans, Curabitur (mentioned before) and Usurha (bird-like people). I've struck a bit of a mental blank with the name though and I was wondering if someone could help me out.
Followers of the Silken Truth The Fangs of Destiny Web Walkers The Progeny The Faithful The Chosen Dinner The name of a cult can be many things. It can have to do with the thing they follow in an obvious way, or the name can be more opaque unless one is an initiate. It can also depend on who is applying the name. Is this the name the cult uses for itself or is it a name applied to them by those outside the cult? If it's the latter, then sarcasm and derision may come into play as regards the name being given (doesn't have to, but it may).
I googled "People who worship spiders" and this came up. You may be able to call them the "Lolth." Could be a nod to the D&D community. I'm not sure, unless you want to come up with a word all on your own? BTW - I'm terrified of spiders and just your little preview sounds like a months worth of nightmares.
Arachnophiliacs as a derogatory name for them. I like "Brotherhood of the Web" and "Followers of the Silken Truth".
I have one more that could work: "The Venom-Fang Order" But that could be better for snake worshipers.
Cults often have something really basic - often you're looking at people putting themselves up as the truer, humbler version of humanity or something stripped of "religion". Hence monikers like "The Family" (that would be Manson) The group we call the "Branch Davidians" just called themselves "The Branch" Heck, even non-cultic religious movements sometimes use denunciations of status - for instance Quakers refer to themselves as "Friends". So - your people have Spiders...which makes them...umm...a little more ecclectic than some real world cults (although those get pretty screwy too). But I'm still thining they'd have something simplistic and only vaguely arachnistic as their own self reference. Maybe "Larva" could work - I still think that's a bit technical. Maybe "Those Who Cling". Or if they have some sort of dubious function feeding people to said spiders, we could go with "The Feeders" or "The Caregivers" or "The Nourishers" or "The Tenders" or "Lifekeepers" (I like theese a lot because it makes them think they're doing something noble in their own worldview when in fact they're doing something incredibly violent and messed up." Also keep in mind that what these people call themselves is likely to be different from what the outside world calls them. They may call themselves "Lifegivers"...whereas people outside the cult are likely to call them either something technical ("Arachnarians") or flat-out accusatory ("Spider Feeders").
Web's Arbor Anansi's Sect(Anansi is an African God representing stories and knowledge) Eight-Legged Followers Silk Seers(archaic definition)
I'm terrified of the buggers too but what actually makes it worse in the story itself is that the cultists sacrifice people to their Gods. I added the giant spiders to this universe in the first place because giant spiders are terrifying. The cultists came later as I thought that giant spiders on their own would be a bit dull and cliché in a story.